Dahan (Major Cold): The Coldest Solar Term of Winter
Dahan, meaning “Major Cold,” is the last of China’s 24 Solar Terms and traditionally marks the coldest period of the year. It usually falls around January 20th, when winter reaches its seasonal peak before gradually giving way to spring.
For international readers, Dahan offers a unique insight into how traditional Chinese culture observes weather patterns, prepares for seasonal extremes, and connects daily life with nature’s rhythm.
When Does Dahan Occur?
Dahan typically occurs on January 20th or 21st, when the sun reaches 300° of celestial longitude. It comes after Xiaohan (Minor Cold) and signals the final stage of winter in the traditional solar calendar.
Although called “Major Cold,” the exact temperature varies by region. Northern China often experiences severe cold and snow, while southern regions may face damp cold and frost rather than heavy snowfall.
Weather Characteristics of Dahan
Dahan is closely associated with extreme winter conditions:
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Lowest average temperatures of the year
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Frequent cold air masses from northern regions
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Snow, ice, and frost in many areas
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Strong winds and dry air in northern China
Historically, this period required careful preparation to protect crops, livestock, and people from harsh weather.
Traditional Customs and Seasonal Practices
1. Preparing for the Lunar New Year
Dahan signals that the Chinese New Year is approaching. Families traditionally begin:
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Cleaning homes
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Preparing preserved foods
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Buying festive supplies
This preparation reflects the idea of closing the old year and welcoming the new one.
2. Seasonal Diet and Nourishment
To cope with extreme cold, people traditionally eat warm, energy-rich foods, such as:
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Meat-based dishes
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Root vegetables
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Slow-cooked soups
In traditional Chinese medicine, Dahan is a time to conserve energy and strengthen the body before spring.
3. Winter Rest and Conservation
Dahan emphasizes rest, storage, and patience. Farming activities were minimal, and people focused on maintaining health, repairing tools, and preparing for the next agricultural cycle.
Cultural Meaning of Dahan
Dahan represents an important idea in Chinese philosophy: when things reach an extreme, change begins.
Although it is the coldest moment, it also signals that winter is nearing its end.
This concept of enduring hardship with discipline and preparation has long influenced Chinese thinking about life, work, and long-term planning.
Why Dahan Matters Today
Even in modern society, Dahan reminds people to:
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Respect natural cycles
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Prepare carefully during difficult periods
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Value patience and long-term thinking
These ideas continue to resonate beyond agriculture, offering lessons applicable to modern life and industry alike.
Conclusion
Dahan, or Major Cold, is more than a seasonal marker. It represents endurance, preparation, and transition. By observing Dahan, we gain insight into how traditional Chinese culture balances nature, daily life, and long-term vision—values that remain relevant across cultures today.
References / Notes
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UNESCO – The Twenty-Four Solar Terms: Knowledge and Practices in China
https://ich.unesco.org -
China Meteorological Administration (CMA) – Introduction to the 24 Solar Terms
https://www.cma.gov.cn -
Encyclopaedia Britannica – Chinese Calendar and Solar Terms
https://www.britannica.com -
This article is originally written for international readers based on publicly available cultural and meteorological knowledge.
